Document Type : Original Article
Authors
1 PhD Stuent, Philosophy of Art, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran , Iran
2 Associate Professor, Department of Philosophy, Islamic Azad University, North Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran
3 Assistant Professor, Art Studies, Academy of Art, Tehran, Iran
Abstract
The concept of "type/token" and the understanding of an artwork based on such an ontological framework in analytical aesthetics arises from the distinction between types of artworks and their media. Richard Wollheim, by rejecting the hypothesis of the artwork as a physical object and proposing the idea of type/token, examines the mode of being of the artwork in such a way as to include arts such as music or literature, which lack a material object, within his purview. In this context, two distinct ontological strategies are presented: on the one hand, artworks are defined as having an abstract and general existence of the type category; on the other hand, artworks are interpreted as concrete cultural manifestations of the token category. Wollheim argues that the nature of artworks can be interpreted based on the degree of sharing and transmission of features between general entities (types) and their elements (tokens). This research employs a descriptive-analytical method, and data collection has been conducted through a library-based approach.
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